Like a Prayer (album)

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Like a Prayer
Archivo:Madonna - Like a Prayer album.png
Studio album by
Madonna
ReleasedMarch 21, 1989
RecordedSeptember 1988 – January 1989
Studio
GenrePop[1]
Length51:16
Label
Producer
Madonna chronology
You Can Dance
(1987) 		Like a Prayer
(1989) 		I'm Breathless
(1990)
Singles from Like a Prayer
  1. "Like a Prayer"
    Released: March 3, 1989
  2. "Express Yourself"
    Released: May 9, 1989
  3. "Cherish"
    Released: August 1, 1989
  4. "Oh Father"
    Released: October 24, 1989
  5. "Dear Jessie"
    Released: December 10, 1989
  6. "Keep It Together"
    Released: January 30, 1990

Like a Prayer is the fourth studio album by American singer and songwriter Madonna, released on March 21, 1989, by Sire Records. Madonna worked with Stephen Bray, Patrick Leonard, and Prince on the album while co-writing and co-producing all the songs. Her most introspective release at the time, Like a Prayer has been described as a confessional record. Madonna described the album as a collection of songs "about my mother, my father, and bonds with my family." The album was dedicated to Madonna's mother, who died when she was young.

The album uses live instrumentation and incorporates elements of dance, funk, gospel, and soul into a more general pop style. Madonna drew from her Catholic upbringing, as seen on the album's title track, which was also released as its lead single. The lyrics deal with themes from Madonna's childhood and adolescence, such as the death of her mother in "Promise to Try", the importance of family in "Keep It Together", and her relationship with her father in "Oh Father". Madonna also preaches female empowerment in "Express Yourself".

Like a Prayer received universal acclaim, with Rolling Stone hailing it as "close to art as pop music gets." Commercially, the album was an international success, reaching the top of the charts in multiple territories, and was certified quadruple platinum in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America. Six singles were released from the album: the title track, "Express Yourself", "Cherish", "Oh Father", "Dear Jessie", and "Keep It Together". "Like a Prayer" became Madonna's seventh number-one hit on the US Billboard Hot 100, while "Express Yourself" and "Cherish" peaked at number two and "Keep It Together" became a top-ten hit. Worldwide, the album has sold over 15 million copies.

With the singles' accompanying music videos, Madonna furthered her creativity and became known as a leading figure in the format. The music video for "Like a Prayer" was a lightning rod for religious controversy, using Catholic iconography such as stigmata and burning crosses, and a dream about making love to a saint, leading the Vatican to condemn the video and causing Pepsi to cancel Madonna's sponsorship contract. The video for "Express Yourself" was the most expensive video at its release. Like a Prayer preceded Madonna's ground-breaking Blond Ambition World Tour. At the end of the 1980s, following the release of the album, Madonna was named "Artist of the Decade" by several publications.

Background[editar | editar código]

1988 was a quiet year on the recording front for Madonna. Following the lack of critical and commercial success of her 1987 film Who's That Girl, she acted in the Broadway production Speed-the-Plow. However, unfavorable reviews once again caused her discomfort. Her marriage to actor Sean Penn ended and the couple filed for divorce in January 1989. Madonna had also turned 30, one year removed from the age at which her mother had died, and thus the singer experienced more emotional turmoil.[2] She commented for the May 1989 issue of Interview that her Catholic upbringing struck a feeling of guilt in her all the time:

Because in Catholicism you are a born sinner and you're a sinner all your life. No matter how you try to get away from it, the sin is within you all the time. It was this fear that haunted me; it taunted and pained me every moment. My music was probably the only distraction I had.[3]

She came to the realisation that as she and her fans were growing up, it was time for her to move away from the teen appeal to wider audiences, and en-cash on the longevity of the album market.[4] Feeling the need to attempt something different, Madonna wanted the sound of her new album to indicate what could be popular in the music world.[4] For lyrical ideas of the title track, she chose topics that until then had been personal meditations never shared with the general public; she told SongTalk magazine "In the past I wrote a lot of songs that [revealed my inner self], but I felt they were too honest or too frightening or too scary and I decided not to record them".[5] She decided to take a more adult, sophisticated approach; thoughtfully, she sifted through her personal journals and diaries, and began considering her options. She recalled, "What was it I wanted to say? I wanted the album and the song to speak to things on my mind. It was a complex time in my life."[6] She had certain matters on her mind, including her troubled relationship with her husband, actor Sean Penn, her family, her lost mother and even her belief in God.[6]

Development[editar | editar código]

"She'd start writing lyrics and oftentimes there was an implied melody. She would start with that and deviate from it. Or if there was nothing but a chord change, she'd make up a melody. But, a lot of the time in my writing there's a melody implied or I even have something in mind. But she certainly doesn't need that. [...] She would write the lyrics in an hour, the same amount of time it took me to write the music, and then she'd sing it. We'd do some harmonies, she'd sing some harmony parts, and usually by three or four in the afternoon, she was gone".

—Producer Patrick Leonard talking about working with Madonna on Like a Prayer.[7][8]

Like a Prayer was named after the influence of Catholicism on Madonna's early life as well as her struggles with religion; "The theme of Catholicism runs rampant", she said. "It's me struggling with the mystery and magic that surrounds it. My own Catholicism is in constant upheaval."[9] Recording sessions took place from September 1988 to January 1989.[10][11] On January 27, 1989, a press release from The Albany Herald said the album would include "a number of hot dance tracks" but noted, "much of the material [...] is of a personal tone."[12] The singer described it as a collection of songs "about my mother, my father, and bonds with my family. [...] It's taken a lot of guts to do this".[10] She also said that it would be her "most different" work to date; "It was a real coming-of-age record for me emotionally, I had to do a lot of soul-searching, and I think it is a reflection of that [...] I didn't try to candy-coat anything or make it more palatable for mass consumption, I wrote what I felt".[5][8][10] She told Rolling Stone magazine "In the past, my records tended to be a reflection of current influences. This album is more about past musical influences".[5] She chose to collaborate with Stephen Bray and Patrick Leonard, with whom she had collaborated on her previous studio album True Blue (1986) and the soundtrack Who's That Girl (1987).[13] Both Bray and Leonard wanted to bring their unique style to the project, and they developed completely different music for the title track. Eventually, Madonna felt that the music presented to her by Leonard was more interesting, and she started to work with him. According to the singer, Leonard was also facing emotional turmoil; "I was working with Pat, who was also in a very dark state of mind, and we worked in a very isolated place in the Valley".[6][8] On January 6, 1989, following a nullified divorce filing in late 1987 and several publicized fights, one of which led to a 60-day prison term, Madonna and Sean Penn filed for divorce.[14] This incident inspired the song "Till Death Do Us Part".[15] The rest of the songs were written within two weeks; with "Like a Prayer", "Cherish" and "Spanish Eyes" being written the first week.[8] According to Leonard, "we wrote a song a day, and we didn't change them. And oftentimes the vocal that she did was the lead vocal, we didn't even change the lead vocal. That was it. She sang it. It was done".[7]

Recording artist Prince played the guitar on three songs from the album, "Like a Prayer", "Keep It Together", and "Act of Contrition", though he remained uncredited.[16] Prince and Madonna also worked together on the track "Love Song". The song was recorded at Prince's Studio on Paisley Park; "We were friends and talked about working together, so I went to Minneapolis to write some stuff with him, but the only thing I really dug was 'Love Song' [...] We ended up writing it long-distance, because I had to be in L.A. and he couldn't leave Minneapolis, and quite frankly I couldn't stand Minneapolis. When I went there, it was like 20 degrees below zero, and it was really desolate. I was miserable and I couldn't write or work under those circumstances", Madonna recalled.[8] For the artwork, the singer chose to work with photographer Herb Ritts. Initially, photos from the session with Ritts were also to be used for the lead single's packaging.[17] For the photoshoot, she decided to dye her blonde hair brown; she commented "I love blonde hair, but it really does something different to you. I feel more grounded when I have dark hair. It's unexplainable. I also feel more Italian when my hair is dark".[18] The cover art features a close-up of the singer's jean-clad midsection and bare midriff.[8][19] The cover has been seen as a reference to Sticky Fingers by The Rolling Stones.[8][20] The packaging on the first pressings of the CD, cassette, and LP were scented with patchouli oils to simulate church incense.[21] A publicist for Warner Bros. Records revealed this had been the singer's idea; "She wanted to create a flavor of the 60's and the church. She wanted to create a sensual feeling you could hear and smell".[21] Initial pressings also included an insert with safe sex guidelines and a warning about the dangers of AIDS, to which Madonna had lost friends.[22] Its inclusion was decided after Warner Bros. had agreed to release an album by stand-up comedian Sam Kinison the year before, although he had stated that AIDS came from gay men involved in bestiality.[23] Madonna dedicated the album to "My mother, who taught me how to pray".[24]

Composition[editar | editar código]

"Like a Prayer is about the influence of Catholicism in my life and the passion it provokes in me. In these songs I'm dealing with specific issues that mean a lot to me. They're about an assimilation of experiences I had in my life and my relationships. I've taken more risks with this album than I ever have before, and I think that growth shows."

—Madonna talking about the songs in Like a Prayer.[25]

According to Stephen Holden, the album "teems with 60's and early 70's echoes – of the Beatles, Simon & Garfunkel, and Sly and the Family Stone – all pumped up with a brash, if occasionally klutzy, 80's sense of showmanship".[9] In Madonna's own words, the songs "intertwine her search for faith with her search for her mother".[9] The opening track is "Like a Prayer", which was also the first song developed for the album.[26] Once Madonna had conceptualized the way she would interpose her ideas with the music, she wrote the song in about three hours.[26] She described "Like a Prayer" as the song of a passionate young girl "so in love with God that it is almost as though He were the male figure in her life."[27] It's a pop rock song with elements of gospel music. A choir provides background vocals that heighten the song's spiritual nature, and a rock guitar keeps the music dark and mysterious.[28] The second track, "Express Yourself", talks about rejecting material pleasures and only accepting the best for oneself; throughout the song, subtexts are employed.[29] According to the singer, the track is a tribute to Sly & the Family Stone.[5] The third track, "Love Song", is a duet with recording artist Prince. The song was co-written by Madonna and Prince and features the artist's "signature scratchy disco guitar breaks through Madonna's synths".[30][31] Originally titled "State of Matrimony", the song "Till Death Do Us Part" talks about the violent dissolution of Madonna's marriage.[8][15] It was described as "an anxious jumpy ballad that describes a marriage wracked with drinking, violent quarrels and a possessive, self-hating husband".[9] The next song, "Promise to Try" talks about the death of Madonna's mother. In one part of the song, she specifically asks "Does she hear my voice in the night when I call?". Later, an adult seems to admonish a child with the lines, "Little girl, don't you forget her face/Don't let memory play games with your mind/She's a faded smile frozen in time".[30][32]

The sixth track, and third single from Like a Prayer, is "Cherish". Built around the themes of love and relationship, with William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet being one of the major inspirations, the song includes a line from "Cherish" by the 1960s band the Association.[29] The lyrics of "Cherish" make it a simple love song, where Madonna talks about devotion and having her lover by her side, whom she would never leave.[33] Following "Cherish" is "Dear Jessie"; according to Rikky Rooksby, the song sounds more like a children's lullaby than a pop song.[34] The lyrics encourage the little girl Jessie to use her imagination. It summons up a psychedelic landscape, where pink elephants roam with dancing moons and mermaids. It references fairy-tale characters and creates an image of children playing with each other.[35] The nexus of the album's eighth song, "Oh Father", talks about the presence of male authoritative figures in Madonna's life, most prominently her father, Tony Ciccone.[36] Author J. Randy Taraborrelli held that "Till Death Do Us Part", "Promise To Try" and "Oh Father" were songs where Madonna tried to "purge herself of certain personal demons".[37] The lyrics of "Keep It Together" talk about the realization of how important Madonna's family has been as a form of stability in her life.[38] The final songs on Like a Prayer are "Spanish Eyes" and "Act of Contrition". "Spanish Eyes" is said to have "confronted the still-taboo issue of AIDS".[1] Carol Benson and Allen Metz, authors of The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, described the song as "a cross between Ben E. King's "Spanish Harlem" and something by Billy Joel".[39] The final song, "Act of Contrition", features Madonna reciting the Catholic prayer Act of Contrition, then, the vocals deteriorate into a monologue in which Madonna grows obstreperous over being denied a restaurant reservation.[40]

A track that did not make the album and in fact never made it past the demo stage, called "Angels with Dirty Faces", was released in full by Patrick Leonard free of charge on his YouTube channel in 2019, in what he explicitly said was an effort to stop that and other demos from being auctioned by an unnamed third party.[41]

Promotion[editar | editar código]

Madonna performing the singles "Cherish" (left) and "Oh Father" (right) during the Blond Ambition World Tour, 1990.

Madonna performed an energetic version of "Express Yourself" during the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards. She started the performance by descending from a flight of stairs, wearing a pin-striped suit and a monocle.[42] Later she removed the coat to reveal her bustier, and together with her backing singers Niki Haris and Donna De Lory, performed a dance routine called voguing.[42] Ian Inglis, author of Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time noted that the historical importance of Madonna's performance at the Video Music Awards was due to the televisual venue. Inglis explained that since Madonna's performance was striking primarily as a high-energy, provocatively choreographed, dance production number, it went on to highlight the 'TV' part of MTV, and in a way heralded her and the network as a cultural arbiter.[42] On August 1989, in order to promote the release of Like a Prayer in Japan, Warner Music released a remix extended play titled Remixed Prayers, which included several remixes of "Like a Prayer" and "Express Yourself". It was released exclusively in Japan until July 1993, when it was released in Australia to celebrate Madonna's first visit to the country as part of her Girlie Show World Tour.[43] The EP reached number 24 on the Oricon weekly albums chart and was present on the chart for five weeks.[44]

Singles[editar | editar código]

The title track was released as the lead single on March 3, 1989. The song was acclaimed by critics, and was a commercial success. It became Madonna's seventh number-one single on the United States' Billboard Hot 100, and topped the singles charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and other countries.[45][46][47][48][49][50] "Express Yourself" was released as the second single from the album on May 9, 1989. The song received positive reviews from critics, who applauded the gender equality message of the song and complimented the song for being a hymn to freedom and encouragement to women and all oppressed minorities. Commercially, the song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Madonna's sixth number-one hit on the European Hot 100 Singles chart. It also reached the top of the singles charts in Canada and Switzerland, and the top five elsewhere.[51][52][53] "Cherish" was released as the third single on August 1, 1989. After its release, the song received positive feedback from reviewers, who were surprised by the change of content and the lighter image of Madonna's music, unlike her previous singles from Like a Prayer which incorporated themes such as religion and sexuality. It was a commercial success, topping the singles chart in Canada and reaching the top-ten of the charts in Australia, Belgium, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the combined European chart.[54][55][56][57][58] On the Billboard Hot 100, "Cherish" became Madonna's 16th consecutive top-five single, setting a record in the history of the chart.[59] It also featured the b-side, "Supernatural", previously unreleased from the album sessions. Released on October 24, 1989 as the fourth single, "Oh Father" received positive reviews from critics and authors, but commercially was less successful than Madonna's previous singles. In most of the countries where it was released, the song failed to attain top-ten positions, except in Finland, where it peaked at number six.[60] It ended Madonna's string of 16 consecutive top five singles in the United States.[61]

"Dear Jessie" was released as the fifth single from Like a Prayer on December 10, 1989. The release of "Dear Jessie" was limited to the United Kingdom, certain other European countries, Australia and Japan.[62][63][64] Upon its release, "Dear Jessie" received mixed reviews from critics, who complained about the overdone fantasy imagery of the song, but complimented its composition. The track was a moderate success commercially, reaching the top 10 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and the top 20 in Germany, Spain and Switzerland.[65][66][67] "Keep It Together" was released on January 30, 1990 as the sixth and final single from Like a Prayer. The song received mixed reviews from critics but was commercially successful; reaching a peak of number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian charts, while topping the dance chart in the United States.[68][69] In Australia it reached the top of the charts along with Madonna's next release, "Vogue".[70]

Tour[editar | editar código]

Main article: Blond Ambition World Tour

Like a Prayer, alongside Madonna's following album, I'm Breathless, was promoted in her third concert tour, the Blond Ambition World Tour, which visited Asia, North America and Europe. Originally planned as the "Like a Prayer World Tour", it consisted of 57 dates and was divided into five different sections; the first inspired by the 1927 German expressionist film Metropolis, the second by religious themes, the third by the film Dick Tracy and cabaret, the fourth by Art Deco, and the fifth was an encore.[71] The show contained sexual themes and Catholic imagery, such as in the performances of "Like a Prayer" and "Oh Father”, which were based in church-like surroundings with Madonna wearing a crucifix and her backup dancers dressed like priests and nuns. Lighter moments included the performance of "Cherish", which featured dancers dressed up as Mermen and Madonna playing the harp. The concert was criticized for its sexual content and religious imagery; in Toronto, Canada, Madonna was threatened of being arrested for obscenity,[72] and Pope John Paul II later called for a boycott, with one of the three Italian dates being cancelled. Despite this, the tour was a critical success, winning "Most Creative Stage Production" at the 1990 Pollstar Concert Industry Awards.[73] Two different shows were recorded and released on video, Blond Ambition: Japan Tour 90, taped in Yokohama, Japan, on April 27, 1990,[74] and Blond Ambition World Tour Live, taped in Nice, France, on August 5, 1990.[75]

Critical reception[editar | editar código]

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[76]
Blender[77]
Chicago Sun-Times[78]
Entertainment WeeklyA[79]
NME10/10[80]
Pitchfork9.0/10[81]
Q[82]
Rolling Stone[15]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[83]
The Village VoiceB+[84]

Like a Prayer received universal acclaim. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, from AllMusic, said in retrospect that it was Madonna's "most explicit attempt at a major artistic statement", and that though she is trying to be "serious" Madonna delivers a range of well-written pop songs, making the album her "best and most consistent".[76] In The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Barry Walters wrote that with its more substantial songs that "covered topics such as spousal abuse and familial neglect", Like a Prayer "effectively upped Madonna's ante as a serious artist".[85] Annie Zaleski, from the entertainment website The A.V. Club, praised the album for "being bold enough to delve into her parental issues", and called it "Madonna's first truly substantial record, the dividing line between her chirpy club-kid days and the mature sounds and themes that increasingly marked her '90s work".[5] In Rolling Stone, reviewer J. D. Considine wrote that Madonna's fame up to that point had been built more on "image than artistry", but that with Like a Prayer Madonna was asking, successfully, to be taken seriously; "Daring in its lyrics, ambitious in its sonics, this is far and away the most self-consciously serious album she's made. There are no punches pulled, anywhere". Considine concluded his review hailing the album "as close to art as pop music gets ... proof not only that Madonna should be taken seriously as an artist but that hers is one of the most compelling voices of the Eighties."[15] Robert Christgau from The Village Voice lamented the "kiddie psychedelia" of "Dear Jessie" and was unmoved by "Promise to Try" and "Act of Contrition", but felt all the other songs were memorable, especially the "cocksucker's prayer" of "Like a Prayer" and the "thrilling", independence-themed "Oh Father" and "Express Yourself".[84] Lloyd Bradley of Q said, "musically it's varied, unexpected and far from instantly accessible; lyrically, it's moving, intelligent and candid."[82] Edna Gundersen from USA Today wrote that album was "Lyrically [...] a confessional feast, with Madonna's Catholic upbringing as the main course. Songs are rife with religious overtones, spiritual and hymnal arrangements and a host of references to joy, faith, sin and power".[86] NME critic David Quantick hailed it as "a brilliant, thoughtful, startling and joyful example of popular music."[80]

Jonathan Takiff from The Philadelphia Inquirer praised the album for being "serious and reflective, at times heavily laden with psychic trauma. You might consider Like a Prayer to be [Madonna]'s Misfits...or her hour in the confessional box".[87] Sal Cinquemani, from Slant Magazine, described the album as "a collection of pop confections layered with live instrumentation, sophisticated arrangements, deeply felt lyrics, and a stronger, more assured vocal."[1] The review concluded by declaring Like a Prayer "one of the quintessential pop albums of all time.[1] Barry Walters from the San Francisco Examiner, named the album "[Madonna]'s best and most consistent collection yet [...] the album [where Madonna] crosses the line between craft and inspiration. From the start, she's had an intuitive grasp of how to put on a good show. Now she's got the guts to show us what's inside".[88] Senior editor from The Cavalier Daily Chaz Repak, praised Madonna's "improved" songwriting; "her religious faith and her marriage to Sean Penn, are completely well written", however, he ended his review on a more critical note by saying: "Like a Prayer constitutes Madonna's best work to date. But after such work as "Material Girl", "Burning Up" and "Open Your Heart", that's not saying much."[89] Negative criticism came from Spin magazine. Reviewer Christian Logan wrote: "On Like a Prayer your relationship to Madonna changes from to song to song, and it makes you uncomfortable. It's like sitting on a table with a friend who's telling too much about herself to people she doesn't know".[90] Joe Levy, from the same magazine, was also critical, writing that "there's not a lot of old Madonna, nothing of the generation of women who grew up in her wake: Regina, Debbie Gibson, and Taylor Dayne", but highlighted "Keep It Together" as "the only great dance song on the record".[90] At the end of 1989, Like a Prayer was voted the 18th best record of the year in the Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics published by The Village Voice and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album.[91][92] Billboard has cited Like a Prayer as Madonna's best album.[93]

Commercial performance[editar | editar código]

Madonna performing the album's second track "Express Yourself" during The MDNA Tour, 2012.

In the United States, Like a Prayer debuted at number 11 on the Billboard 200, on the issue dated April 8, 1989.[94] It quickly rose to the top of the chart after its third week, where it remained for six consecutive weeks, making it Madonna's longest-running number 1 album.[95][96] The album spent a total of 77 weeks on the chart.[94] The album also reached a peak of number 55 on Billboard's R&B Albums list.[97] It was eventually certified multi Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of three million units.[98] After the advent of the Nielsen SoundScan era in 1991, the album sold a further 575,000 copies.[99] Like a Prayer has sold over 4 million copies in the United States.[100] In Canada, the album debuted at number two on the RPM Albums Chart on May 1, 1989.[101] The album was present for a total of 37 weeks on the chart, and was certified five times platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) for shipments of 500,000 copies.[102]

In the United Kingdom, Like a Prayer debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, on April 1, 1989. It remained on this position for two weeks and a total of 72 weeks on the chart.[58] The album was certified four times platinum on February 1, 1995 for shipments of 1.2 million copies.[103] According to Belgium's national IFPI group SIBESA, Like A Prayer was amongst top 5 best selling international albums in Belgium.[104] In France, the album debuted at number one on the French Albums Chart on April 9, 1989, staying there for two weeks, then descending down the chart, having spent a total of thirty-six weeks on it.[105] On July 1989, it was certified Platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) for shipments of 300,000 copies, and once again on 2001, for shipments of 600,000 copies.[106] In the Netherlands, Like a Prayer entered the MegaCharts at number four during the week of April 4, 1990. It eventually reached the top position, staying a total of thirty-two weeks on the chart.[107] In Germany, Like a Prayer topped the Media Control albums chart for one month, and was later certified there times gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI) for having shipped over 750,000 copies.[108] In Italy, Like a Prayer reached the number one position at Musica e dischi and sold 550,000 copies by July 1989.[109][110] Actual sales in Italy stands at more than 800,000 units.[111]

The album was commercially successful in Asia-Pacific countries. In Japan, Like a Prayer reached number one on the Oricon Albums Chart and remained on the chart for 22 weeks.[112] At the 1990 Japan Gold Disc Awards held by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), Madonna won three awards for Best Album of the Year – Pops Solo, Grand Prix Album of the Year, and Grand Prix Artist of the Year; the last two were given for the best-selling international album and the best-selling international artist of the year, respectively.[113] It also became her sixth platinum album in Hong Kong, the most for any international artist of the decade.[114] In Australia, Like a Prayer debuted and peaked at number four on April 2, 1989.[115] It was certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 280,000 copies.[116] In New Zealand, the album peaked at number two and was certified double platinum by the Recorded Music NZ.[117][118] Like a Prayer has sold over 15 million copies worldwide.[119]

Legacy[editar | editar código]

Madonna performing the title track "Like a Prayer" on the Sticky & Sweet Tour. The song marked a turning point in her career and she began to be viewed as an efficient businesswoman.

Entertainment Weekly's Nicholas Fonseca felt that Like a Prayer marked "an official turning point" of Madonna's career, which earned her "a long-awaited, substantive dose of critical acclaim".[79] Mark Savage from BBC noted that the album's release "marks the moment when critics first begin to describe Madonna as an artist, rather than a mere pop singer".[120] Glen Levy from Time stated: "Madonna has always been a keen student of pop-culture history, and her creative powers were probably at their peak in the late 1980s on the album Like a Prayer."[121] Hadley Freeman from The Guardian opined that Like a Prayer shaped "how pop stars, pop music, music videos, love, sex and the 80s were and should be".[122] Jon Pareles, from The New York Times, said that " [Like a Prayer] defiantly grabbed Christian language and imagery".[123] According to the list of "All-TIME 100 Albums" by Time magazine's critics, Like a Prayer is one of the 100 greatest and most influential musical compilations since 1954.[124] In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine named it the 239th greatest album of all time,[125] maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list.[126] Apart from that the album was also featured in the "Women Who Rock" list made in 2012, at number 18.[127] Like a Prayer is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[128] In 2006, Q magazine placed the album at number 14 in its list of "40 Best Albums of the '80s".[129] In 2005, a poll of half million people on British television network Channel 4 placed Like a Prayer at number eight on list of "The 100 Greatest Albums in Music History".[130] In 2012, Slant Magazine listed the album at number 20 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s", saying: "By the late '80s, Madonna was already one of the biggest pop stars of all time, but with Like a Prayer, she became one of the most important".[131]

Taraborrelli wrote that Like a Prayer was a turning point's in Madonna's career; "Every important artist has at least one album in his or her career whose critical and commercial success becomes the artist's magic moment; for Madonna [...] Like a Prayer was. [Madonna] pushed onwards as an artist, using her creative wit to communicate on another level, musically."[132] Kenneth G. Bielen, author of The Lyrics of Civility: Biblical Images and Popular Music Lyrics in American Culture, wrote that with the album Madonna began to be seen as a serious artist; "Five years earlier, she was a dance-pop 'Boy-Toy'. With Like a Prayer, she proved she was an artist who could think with more than her body".[133] Thomas Harrison on the book Music of the 1980s, documented that Like a Prayer pushed boundaries by addressing "uncomfortable song topics".[134] Similarly, Annie Zaleski from The A.V. Club, praised the album for "starting a conversation about religion—which remains one of the most incendiary topics a musician can address. [...] All of this pointed to Madonna establishing herself as a serious artist (emphasis on the "art") who had significant things to say".[5] She also wrote:

The album's sustained run at No. 1 buoyed her self-assurance and bravery, and validated that people were willing to follow her even as she transitioned into adulthood. And even today, Like a Prayer remains provocative and progressive: The racial tension alluded to in the "Like A Prayer" video is striking, while the album's themes of religious and sexual oppression still feel all too relevant. Madonna dictated pop's future direction while also being firmly in control of her own fortunes.[5]

According to Christopher Rosa from VH1, "Like a Prayer was the first pop album to evoke what female artists explore today: sexuality, religion, gender equality and independence. It was pioneering, and no woman in music has come close to doing something as groundbreaking." He believed that the album was her peak of cultural and musical influence, saying that "Madonna went from bubbly pop act to a serious artist who received her first bout of universal acclaim." Rosa also stated that Like a Prayer will be always more influential than the "definitive" albums of contemporary female artists, such as Blackout (2007), The Fame Monster (2009), and Beyoncé (2013).[135][136] Madonna tried to experiment with different forms and styles with the videos and in the process constructed a new set of image and identity.[137] With the release of Like a Prayer, Madonna's impact culminated during the 1980s, and many publications named her the artist of the decade.[138] LA Weekly's Art Tavana opined that "Like a Prayer was the moment when Madonna went from being the voice of America's teenagers to the worldwide high priestess of pop".[139] Singer Taylor Swift explained that with the album Madonna made "the most incredible, bold, risky, decisions as far as pop music goes", citing the title track as "legitimately one of the greatest pop songs of all time."[140]

According to Douglas Kellner, the album and its singles were particularly influential on the music video field.[141] The video for the title track "Like a Prayer", which depicted Madonna as a witness to a murder of a white girl by white supremacists, Catholic symbols such as stigmata, Ku Klux Klan-style cross burning, and a dream about kissing a black saint, was extremely controversial and gained a great deal of attention. Jon Pareles wrote that the video "set a media circus in motion, stirring up just those issues of sexuality and religiosity that Madonna wanted to bring up".[123] The Vatican condemned the video while critics accused it of sacrilege and heresy.[20] Madonna commented, "Art should be controversial, and that's all there is to it."[9] Taraborrelli wrote that the song and its video also served to enhance Madonna's reputation as "a shrewd businesswoman, someone who knows how to sell a concept."[142] Stewart M. Hoover wrote that the music video pushed boundaries by "bringing traditional religious imagery into the popular music context".[143] Similarly, Daniel Welsh from The Huffington Post, wrote that the video "catapulted Madonna to the ranks of music video heavyweight, and proved to the world she really meant business".[144] The music video for "Express Yourself" was also noted by critics for its exploitation of female sexuality and came to the conclusion that Madonna's masculine image in the video was gender-bending; authors Santiago Fouz-Hernández and Freya Jarman-Ivens commented that "the video portrayed the deconstructive gender-bending approach associated with free play and self-reflexivity of images in postmodernism."[145] Author John Semonche explained in his book Censoring sex that with True Blue and Like a Prayer, Madonna pushed the envelope of what could be shown on television, which resulted in increase of her popularity.[146] In 2020, The Independent named it one of the 40 best albums you have to listen before you die.[147] In a retrospective 2020 review, Spin magazine named Like a Prayer the eighth best album of the last 35 years.[148]

Track listing[editar | editar código]

All tracks written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, except where noted.

Like a Prayer – Standard edition
No.TitleLength
1."Like a Prayer"5:41
2."Express Yourself" (writers and producers: Madonna, Stephen Bray)4:37
3."Love Song" (with Prince; writers and producers: Madonna, Prince)4:52
4."Till Death Do Us Part"5:16
5."Promise to Try"3:36
6."Cherish"5:03
7."Dear Jessie"4:20
8."Oh Father"4:57
9."Keep It Together" (writers and producers: Madonna, Bray)5:03
10."Spanish Eyes"5:15
11."Act of Contrition"2:19
Total length:51:16
Like a Prayer – 30th Anniversary edition[149]
No.TitleLength
1."Like a Prayer" (12" Dance Mix; remix/additional production: Shep Pettibone)7:52
2."Express Yourself" (Non-Stop Express Mix; remix/additional production: Pettibone)8:00
3."Love Song" (with Prince)4:52
4."Till Death Do Us Part"5:18
5."Cherish" (extended version)6:16
6."Dear Jessie"4:21
7."Oh Father" (single version)4:27
8."Keep It Together" (12" remix; remix/additional production: Pettibone)7:48
9."Pray for Spanish Eyes"5:17
10."Supernatural"5:12
Total length:59:23

Notes[24]

  • "Spanish Eyes" was re-titled "Pray for Spanish Eyes" on certain editions of the album.
  • In the album's notes "The powers that be" (Madonna and Leonard) are credited as the producers of "Act of Contrition".

Personnel[editar | editar código]

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.[24]

Musicians[editar | editar código]

Production and design[editar | editar código]

  • Madonna – producer
  • Patrick Leonard – producer
  • Stephen Bray – producer
  • Prince – producer
  • Bill Bottrell – sound engineer
  • Eddie Miller – sound engineer
  • Stephen Shelton – sound engineer
  • Heidi Hanschu – sound engineer
  • Michael Vail Blum – sound engineer
  • Robert Salcedo – sound engineer
  • Stacy Baird – sound engineer
  • Joe Schiff – sound engineer
  • Bill Bottrell – mixing
  • Bob Ludwig – mastering
  • Herb Ritts – photography
  • Jeri Heiden – art design

Charts[editar | editar código]

Certifications and sales[editar | editar código]

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[179] Platinum 270,000[178]
Australia (ARIA)[116] 4× Platinum 280 000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[180] Platinum 50 000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[182] 2× Platinum 710,000[181]
Canada (Music Canada)[102] 5× Platinum 500 000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[183] Platinum 70,818[183]
France (SNEP)[185] 2× Platinum 770,300[184]
Germany (BVMI)[108] 3× Gold 750 000^
Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong)[114] Platinum 20 000*
India — 41,000[186]
Italy — 800,000[111]
Japan (RIAJ)[188] 2× Platinum 414,390[187]
Malaysia — 30,000[189][190]
Netherlands (NVPI)[191] Platinum 100 000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[118] 2× Platinum 30 000^
Portugal (AFP)[192] Gold 20 000^
Singapore — 60,000[193]
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[66] 4× Platinum 400 000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[194] 2× Platinum 100 000^
Turkey — 151,000[195]
United Kingdom (BPI)[103] 4× Platinum 1 200 000^
United States (RIAA)[98] 4× Platinum 5,000,000[196]
Summaries
Worldwide — 15,000,000[119]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also[editar | editar código]

Notes[editar | editar código]

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Cinquemani, Sal (11 de October de 2003). «Madonna: Like a Prayer». Slant Magazine. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  2. ↑ Rooksby 2004, p. 30
  3. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 O'Brien 2007, p. 120
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 Zaleski, Annie (14 de November de 2014). «Madonna's Like A Prayer remains a provocative, substantial pop record». The A.V. Club. Consultado el 20 de March de 2015. 
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Taraborrelli 2002, p. 168
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Caulfield, Keith (21 de March de 2014). «Madonna Producer Patrick Leonard Talks 'Like A Prayer' at 25». Billboard. Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 8,6 8,7 Rosen, Craig (26 de March de 2014). «Madonna's 'Like a Prayer' Turns 25! 10 Things You Might Not Know». Yahoo!. Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 Holden, Stephen (19 de March de 1989). «Madonna re-creates herself – again». The New York Times. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Burnett, Bryan (1 de March de 1989). «Of the Pops, with the big news on Madonna». Evening Times. Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  11. ↑ McKeen 2000, p. 233
  12. ↑ «Release set». The Albany Herald. 27 de January de 1989. Consultado el 1 de February de 2010. 
  13. ↑ Britt, Bruce (3 de March de 1989). «Madonna album set for release». The Lewiston Journal. Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  14. ↑ «Madonna and Sean Penn to end their marriage». The New York Times. Associated Press. 7 de January de 1989. Consultado el 29 de April de 2015. 
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ↑ Zollo, Paul (17 de June de 2013). Songwriters on Songwriting (4 edición). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81265-1. 
  17. ↑ Voller 1999, p. 30
  18. ↑ Smith, Liz (16 de March de 1989). «Soon-to-be single Madonna revs up career». Sarasota Herald-Tribune (New Media Investment Group). Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  19. ↑ Ferman, Dave (5 de March de 1998). «Chronology: From Material Girl to Evita». Lakeland Ledger (New Media Investment Group). Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 «Making scents of Madonna». TimesDaily. Tennessee Valley Printing Co. 28 de June de 1989. Consultado el 1 de February de 2010. 
  22. ↑ Smith, Michael R (14 de September de 2008). «Like A Prayer». The Daily Vault. Consultado el 18 de March de 2015. 
  23. ↑ Holden, Stephen (29 de March de 1989). «The Pop Life». New York Times. Consultado el 17 de January de 2016. 
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 150
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Bronson 2003, p. 727
  27. ↑ Perricone, Kathleen (20 de April de 2011). «Lady Gaga on Madonna plagiarism: Accusations she ripped off 'Express Yourself' are 'retarded'». Daily News (New York). Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  28. ↑ Rooksby 2004, p. 33
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Rooksby 2004, pp. 34–35
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Partridige, Kenneth (14 de March de 2014). «Madonna's 'Like a Prayer' at 25: Classic Track-by-Track Review». Billboard. Consultado el 17 de March de 2015. 
  31. ↑ Norman, Tony (5 de May de 1989). «Madonna stretches on 'Prayer'». Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Consultado el 17 de March de 2015. 
  32. ↑ Dunn & Jones 1994, p. 241
  33. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 181
  34. ↑ Rooksby 2004, p. 35
  35. ↑ O'Brien 2007, p. 198
  36. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 110
  37. ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 176
  38. ↑ Rooksby 2004, p. 36
  39. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, pp. 13
  40. ↑ Bernard & Marsh 1994, pp. 103
  41. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  43. ↑ Kot, Greg (16 de December de 1990). «Shocking stuffers Madonna and Ice Cube carefully craft controversy _ and it sells». Chicago Tribune. Consultado el 9 de June de 2010. 
  44. ↑ (en 日本語). Oricon. 25 de August de 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012003/http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/artist/162927/products/music/8563/2/. Archivado desde el original el 9 de November de 2013. Consultado el 10 de July de 2010.  Parámetro desconocido |script-title= ignorado (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  45. ↑ «Madonna – Like a Prayer (Song)». Australian Recording Industry Association. Hung Medien. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  46. ↑ «Top Singles – Volume 50, No. 1, May 01 1989». RPM. RPM Library Archives. 1 de May de 1989. Archivado desde el original el 10 de February de 2015. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  47. ↑ «The Irish Charts – All there is to know». Irish Recorded Music Association. 15 de March de 1989. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  48. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  49. ↑ «Madonna – Like a Prayer (song)». Ultratop. Hung Medien. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  50. ↑ «Archive Chart – Singles March 18, 1989». Official Charts Company. 18 de March de 1989. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  51. ↑ «The Billboard Hot 100: Week Ending July 15, 1989». Billboard. 15 de July de 1989. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  52. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  53. ↑ «Top Singles – Volume 50, No. 5, May 29, 1989». RPM. RPM Library Archives. 29 de May de 1989. Archivado desde el original el 23 de October de 2012. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  54. ↑ «Madonna – Cherish (Song)». Australian Recording Industry Association. Hung Medien. Archivado desde el original el 4 de November de 2012. Consultado el 1 de September de 2011.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  55. ↑ «Radio Top 30 – Hoogste – Cherish» (en Nederlands). VRT Top 30. Archivado desde el original el 9 de April de 2012. Consultado el 1 de September de 2011.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  56. ↑ «Top Singles – Volume 50, No. 25, October 16, 1989». RPM. 16 de October de 1989. Archivado desde el original el 4 de March de 2014. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  57. ↑ «The Irish Charts – All There Is To Know». Irish Recorded Music Association. 7 de September de 1989. Consultado el 1 de September de 2011. 
  58. ↑ 58,0 58,1 «Archive Chart – Singles – 23rd September 1989». Official Charts Company. 23 de September de 1989. Consultado el 23 de August de 2011. 
  59. ↑ «The Billboard Hot 100: Week Ending October 7, 1989». Billboard. 7 de October de 1989. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  60. ↑ «Madonna – Oh Father (Song)». YLE. Hung Medien. Consultado el 20 de November de 2011. 
  61. ↑ «Billboard – Madonna – Oh Father». Billboard. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  62. ↑ «Archive Chart: UK Singles». Official Charts Company. 16 de December de 1989. Consultado el 3 de December de 2011. 
  63. ↑ Kent 1993, p. 334
  64. ↑ Okamoto 2006, p. 441
  65. ↑ «Chartverfolgong / Madonna / Singlet» (en Deutsch). Media Control Charts. Archivado desde el original el 11 de November de 2014. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  66. ↑ 66,0 66,1 Salaverri 2005, p. 90
  67. ↑ «Madonna – Dear Jessie (Song)». Swiss Music Charts. Hung Medien. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  68. ↑ «The Billboard Hot 100: Week Ending March 31, 1990». Billboard. 31 de March de 1990. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  69. ↑ «Top Singles – Volume 51, No. 13, February 10, 1990». RPM. RPM Library Archives. 10 de February de 1990. Archivado desde el original el 16 de February de 2016. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  70. ↑ «Madonna – Vogue (Song)». Australian Recording Industry Association. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  71. ↑ Mackie, Drew (13 de April de 2015). «25 Reasons Madonna's Blond Ambition Tour Still Rules, 25 Years Later». People. Consultado el 2 de May de 2015. 
  72. ↑ Smith, Neil (24 de May de 2004). «Show Stealer Madonna on Tour». BBC News. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  73. ↑ «Pollstar Awards Archive – 1990». Pollstar. Associated Press. Archivado desde el original el 2 de October de 2014. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  74. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  77. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  78. ↑ McLeese, Don (27 de March de 1989). «Madonna's newest album, 'Like a Prayer,' is her best». Chicago Sun-Times. Archivado desde el original el 29 de February de 2016. Consultado el 24 de September de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
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  83. ↑ Walters, Barry. «Madonna: Album Guide». Rolling Stone. Archivado desde el original el 5 de July de 2011. Consultado el 7 de January de 2012.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  84. ↑ 84,0 84,1 Christgau, Robert (6 de June de 1989). «Consumer Guide». The Village Voice (New York). Consultado el 24 de September de 2015. 
  85. ↑ Walters 2004, pp. 508–09
  86. ↑ Greeley, Andrew M. (13 de May de 1989). «Madonna's Challenge to Her Church». America. Consultado el 20 de March de 2015. 
  87. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 12
  88. ↑ Walters, Barry (24 de March de 1989). «Madonna exposes herself in 'Like a Prayer'». San Francisco Examiner. p. 29. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  89. ↑ Repak, Chaz (19 de March de 1989). «Madonna projects religious persona». The Cavalier Daily. p. 6. Consultado el 17 de March de 2015. 
  90. ↑ 90,0 90,1 Logan Wright, Christian; Leland, John; Levy, Joe (May 1989). «Madonna: Lady sings the Blues». Spin. p. 79. Consultado el 16 de March de 2015. 
  91. ↑ «Pazz & Jop Critics Poll». The Village Voice (New York). 27 de February de 1990. Consultado el 24 de September de 2015. 
  92. ↑ «Here's list of nominees from all 77 categories». Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Publishing Company). 12 de January de 1990. p. 32. Consultado el 1 de February de 2019. 
  93. ↑ https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/6495047/madonna-albums-ranked-worst-to-best
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  97. ↑ «allmusic (((Like a Prayer> Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))». AllMusic. Consultado el 10 de April de 2015. 
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  122. ↑ Freeman, Hadley. «My favourite album: Like a Prayer by Madonna». The Guardian. Consultado el 17 de March de 2015. 
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  132. ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 164
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  134. ↑ Harrison 2011, p. 10
  135. ↑ Rosa, Christopher. «Madonna Vs. Rihanna: The Battle Of The DGAF Divas». VH1. Archivado desde el original el 27 de March de 2015. Consultado el 29 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
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  137. ↑ Kellner 1995, p. 274
  138. ↑ Taraborrelli 2009, p. 484
  139. ↑ Tavana, Art (12 de December de 2014). «The 20 Best Pop Songs in History By Female Artists». LA Weekly (Beth Sestanovich). Archivado desde el original el 15 de December de 2014. Consultado el 17 de March de 2015.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  140. ↑ Taylor Swift: Interview, 1989. October 10, 2014. 12:44. (London) Kiss FM (UK)
  141. ↑ Kellner 1995, p. 277
  142. ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 175
  143. ↑ Hoover 2006, p. 50
  144. ↑ Welsh, Daniel (21 de March de 2014). «Madonna's 'Like A Prayer' At 25: 10 More Shocking And Outrageous Music Videos Featuring Miley Cyrus, Kylie Minogue, M.I.A.». The Huffington Post. Consultado el 20 de March de 2015. 
  145. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 26
  146. ↑ Semonche 2007, p. 162
  147. ↑ O'Conor, Roisin (15 de February de 2020). «The 40 best albums to listen to before you die». The Independent (en English). Consultado el 16 de February de 2020. 
  148. ↑ Spin staff (6 de December de 2020). «The 35 Best Albums of the Last 35 Years». Spin. Consultado el 10 de December de 2020. 
  149. ↑ «Like a Prayer: 30th anniversary - Streaming release». Consultado el 21 de March de 2019. 
  150. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – Madonna – Like a Prayer" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  151. ↑ 151,0 151,1 151,2 151,3 151,4 151,5 151,6 «Top 3 Albums in Europe». Music & Media: 24. 6 de May de 1989. Consultado el 26 de March de 2018. 
  152. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  153. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Madonna – Like a Prayer" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  154. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  155. ↑ "Longplay-Chartverfolgung at Musicline" (in German). Musicline.de. Phononet GmbH. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  156. ↑ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2021. 11. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  157. ↑ 157,0 157,1 «'Like a prayer' di Madonna ha 30 anni. Dallo scandalo al successo planetario». la Repubblica (en italiano). Italy. 2 de March de 2019. Archivado desde el original el 8 de June de 2019. Consultado el 5 de February de 2021. 
  158. ↑ «Top 3 Albums in Europe». Music & Media: 24. 8 de April de 1989. Consultado el 26 de March de 2018. 
  159. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Madonna – Like a Prayer". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  160. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Madonna – Like a Prayer". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  161. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – Madonna – Like a Prayer". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  162. ↑ "Madonna | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  163. ↑ "Madonna Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  164. ↑ «ARIA Charts - End Of Year Charts - Top 50 Albums 1989». ARIA. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  165. ↑ «JAHRESHITPARADE 1989» (en Deutsch). austriancharts.at. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  166. ↑ «RPM Top 100 Albums of 1989». RPM. Archivado desde el original el 31 de December de 2013. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  167. ↑ «JAAROVERZICHTEN - ALBUM 1989» (en Nederlands). dutchcharts.nl. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  168. ↑ «European Top 100 Albums 1989». Music & Media 51 (6). 23 de December de 1989. p. 9. Consultado el 23 de December de 2019. 
  169. ↑ «Les Albums (CD) de 1989 par InfoDisc» (en français). infodisc.fr. Archivado desde el original el 27 de October de 2012. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  170. ↑ «Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts». GfK Entertainment (en Deutsch). offiziellecharts.de. Consultado el 5 de December de 2015. 
  171. ↑ «年間ヒット音楽アルバム 1989年(平成元年) ベスト50» (en 日本語). Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  172. ↑ «END OF YEAR CHARTS 1989 (ALBUMS)». RIANZ. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  173. ↑ «SCHWEIZER JAHRESHITPARADE 1989 (ALBEN)» (en Deutsch). hitparade.ch. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  174. ↑ «Chart Archive - 1980s Albums». everyhit.com. Consultado el 3 de October de 2018. 
  175. ↑ «Billboard 200 Top Albums 1989». Billboard. Consultado el 15 de March de 2017. 
  176. ↑ «The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1989». Cashbox. 30 de December de 1989. Archivado desde el original el 24 de February de 2020. Consultado el 10 de April de 2021. 
  177. ↑ «Best of all time Albums since 1988». Australian-Charts. Hung Medien. p. 4. Consultado el 10 de April de 2021. 
  178. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  179. ↑ «Discos de Oro y Platino». Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Archivado desde el original el 6 de July de 2011. Consultado el 6 de July de 2011.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  180. ↑ «Austrian album certifications – Madonna – Like a Prayer» (en german). IFPI Austria. Consultado el 23 de November de 2017. 
  181. ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  182. ↑ «Brazilian album certifications – Madonna – Like a Prayer» (en portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil. Consultado el 23 de November de 2017. 
  183. ↑ 183,0 183,1 «Madonna» (en finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Consultado el 23 de November de 2017. 
  184. ↑ «Les Meilleures Ventes de CD / Albums "Tout Temps"» (en français). Infodisc.fr. Consultado el 13 de February de 2019. 
  185. ↑ [[[:Plantilla:Cite certification/archiveurl]] «French album certifications – Madonna – Like a Prayer»] (en french). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archivado desde el original el Plantilla:Cite certification/archivedate. Consultado el 23 de November de 2017. 
  186. ↑ Sales for Like a Prayer in India:
    According to Billboard (25,000 units sold in ten days) Year-end sales according to Bombay: The City Magazine (Living Media India)
    • «India report». Bombay: The City Magazine 11 (1-6) (Living Media India). 1989. p. 6. Consultado el 7 de February de 2021 – via Google Books. «[...] Madonna's Like A subtitled ( of all things ) in Prayer which sold 41,000». 
  187. ↑ «CDs TAKE OVER». Billboard. 2 de June de 1990. p. J-18. Consultado el 13 de December de 2020. 
  188. ↑ «Japanese album certifications – Madonna – Like a Prayer» (en japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Consultado el 27 de September de 2018.  Select 1989年4月 on the drop-down menu
  189. ↑ Y.S. Ming (3 de June de 1989). «Madonna, Tiffany, Local Star, & Catalog Fuel April Growth WEA Malaysia Posts Record Music Sales». Billboard 101 (22). p. 67. Consultado el 7 de August de 2020. 
  190. ↑ Y.S. Ming (24 de June de 1989). «INTERNATIONAL MUSIC SALES UP IN MALAYSIA». Billboard 101 (25). p. 83. Consultado el 2 de February de 2021 – via World Radio History. 
  191. ↑ «Dutch album certifications – Madonna – Like a Prayer» (en dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Consultado el 23 de November de 2017.  Enter Like a Prayer in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  192. ↑ Tenente, Fernando (14 de April de 1989). «INTERNATIONAL: Floyd, Kaoma Top Sellers In Portugal Certs». Billboard 102 (15): 69. Consultado el 25 de September de 2020 – via World Radio History. 
  193. ↑ «10 things to know about the 80s: (5) Madonna». The Straits Times. 28 de May de 2015. Archivado desde el original el 2 de August de 2015. Consultado el 9 de February de 2021. 
  194. ↑ «The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Like a Prayer')». IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Consultado el 23 de November de 2017. 
  195. ↑ Stokes, Martin (2010). 4 (PDF — version). «Why Cry? Sezen Aksu's Diva Citizenship». The Republic of Love: Cultural Intimacy in Turkish Popular Music (University of Chicago Press). p. 112. ISBN 978-0-2267-7506-7. «The first efforts to establish official figures by MESAM [from Turkish: Türkiye Musiki Eseri Sahipleri Meslek Birliği] (a music industry organization establised primarily to lobby for firmer copyright control) took place in 1990. Dilmener reproduces a list of sales from Boom that confirm the kinds of figures I would hear in Unkapanı in candid conversations with producers and small company owners. [...] By way of comparison, İbrahim Tatlıses' İnsanlar had sold 800,000 while Madonna's Like a Prayer had sold 151,000 (Dilmener 2003, p. 349).» 
  196. ↑ Claimed sales for Like a Prayer in the United States:

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